Why invert a PDF
White pages with black text can be tiring to read at night or for people sensitive to bright light. Inverting turns pages into white or light text on a black background. It is also used to recover negatives of scanned film, to prepare dark-themed slides from documents, and for some special printing jobs.
What happens when you invert
Each page is drawn at 150 DPI, every colour is replaced by its opposite (white becomes black, blue becomes orange, and so on), and the page is saved into a new PDF as an image. Up to 100 pages are processed.
What you give up
Because pages become images, the inverted PDF loses selectable and searchable text, clickable links and form fields. Photos turn into colour negatives, which can look strange. For comfortable night reading only, a viewer's dark mode is often better because it keeps the original file unchanged.
Common problems and how to fix them
You need to search the inverted file: run OCR PDF on it. Printing uses too much ink: do not print inverted pages unless you need to — print the original instead. Some colours look odd: inverted colours are exact opposites; that is expected.
Good habits
Keep the original PDF, use inverted copies for reading on screens, and check a few pages before inverting a very long document.